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A Catalyst for Cheaper Fuel Cells The material could replace pla
15/4/2009
Catalyst recipe: Carbon black, iron acetate and a red or white filler material are used to make the final catalyst.
Credit: ScienceA new catalyst based on iron works as well as platinum-based catalysts for accelerating the chemical reactions inside hydrogen fuel cells. The finding could help make fuel cells for electric cars cheaper and more practical.
Fuel cell researchers have been looking for cheaper, more abundant alternatives to platinum, which costs between $1,000 and $2,000 an ounce and is mined almost exclusively in just two countries: South Africa and Russia. One promising catalyst that uses far less expensive materials--iron, nitrogen, and carbon--has long been known to promote the necessary reactions, but at rates that are far too slow to be practical.
Now researchers at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) in Quebec have dramatically increased the performance of this type of iron-based catalyst. Their material produces 99 amps per cubic centimeter at 0.8 volts, a key measurement of catalytic activity. That is 35 times better than the best nonprecious metal catalyst so far, and close to the Department of Energy's goal for fuel-cell catalysts: 130 amps per cubic centimeter. It also matches the performance of typical platinum catalysts, says Jean-Pol Dodelet, a professor of energy, materials, and telecommunications at INRS who led the work.
The improvement, reported in the latest issue of the journal Science, is "quite surprising," says Radoslav Adzic, a senior chemist at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, NY, who also develops catalysts for fuel cells. The new material meets a benchmark for hydrogen fuel cells set five years ago that "we thought nobody would ever meet," adds Hubert Gasteiger, a visiting professor of mechanical engineering at MIT. "For the very first time, a nonprecious metal catalyst makes sense."
The INRS researchers' key insight was finding a way to increase the number of active catalytic sites within the material--with more sites for chemical reactions, the overall rate of the reactions in the material increases. In previous work, the researchers had shown that heating carbon black (a powdery form of carbon similar to graphite) to high temperatures in the presence of ammonia and iron acetate created gaps in the carbon that are just a few atoms wide. Nitrogen atoms bind to opposite sides of these tiny gaps, and an iron ion bridges these atoms, forming an active site for catalysis
15/4/2009 | Kategori:teknoloji |Yorum yaz! Baglanti
Ultrasonic concentration measurement
The process analyser PIOX® S determines the concentration or the density of liquids or further process quantities using ultrasounds. The sound velocity of the liquid is the primarily measured quantity for this task.
PIOX® S can be used to control the concentration of solutions or to monitor chemical reactions such as polymerization, crystallization, neutralization processes, phase separation processes, etc.
Through quality control or product detection, PIOX® can help you to reach higher quality and to optimize your process. Thanks to the continuous control of the process parameters, the periodical controls and spot tests belong to the past. The process can be controlled exactly, in case of the deviations from the target quantities, an immediate reaction is possible. A higher product quality is reached and the material, time and energy consumption is reduced.
The measurement can take place with wetted transducers or with non-intrusive clamp-on transducers. The clamp-on technology is ideal for the measurement of chemically aggressive, corrosive or ultrapure media.
15/4/2009 | Kategori:teknoloji |Yorum yaz! Baglanti
The following indicators are free with a standard GFT trading account.
Average True Range
The Average True Range is a moving average of the True Range, which is the difference between the True Range High and the True Range Low.
The current True Range High is the current high or the previous close, whichever is greater. The current True Range Low is the current low or previous close, whichever is lower. These values take into account price changes during off-hours trading.
The Average True Range at the beginning of the data series is not defined until there are enough values to fill the given period.
The Average True Range measures the volatility of a given forex trading market. High values indicate that currency trading prices are changing a large amount during the day. Low values indicate that prices are staying relatively constant. Both trending and level prices can have high or low volatility.
High volatility levels in forex can sometimes be used to time trend reversals, such as forex market tops and bottoms. Low volatility levels can sometimes be used to time the beginning of new upward currency trading price trends following periods of consolidation.
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ALİCOOM TRAVEL HOTEL
15/4/2009
Alicomm Travel Company is incoming tour operator licensed by the Russian government to provide international travel services and is officially registered with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to assist with the processing of visa applications.The Company offers you variety packages of services for foreign and Russian citizens in Moscow and in other Russian cities.
Booking at the best Moscow hotels at very reasonable prices, rates discounted from street rate up to 40% off. Hotel booking in most all Russian cities. (Free visa support (invitation) for clients who have booked hotel by our company.
Visa support (invitation) for foreign citizens at reasonable charges for single, double and multiple. Sales and free delivery of most all-leading airlines with complete itinerary assistance and arrangements of arrival pick up and departure seeing off.
VIP-executive service at Moscow airports. (Transportation service to RW stations / Domestic airports and other local transfers 24 hour.
Organizing exciting city tours with professional guides speaking main European languages. Theater ticket arrangements for (Bolshoi Theater, Mayakovsky Theater, etc.), concert halls and various Moscow conservatory / reporters.
Tourist service - individual / group vacation packages tours, excursion programs, business trips, organization of seminars and conferences, etc. Special summer and winter sale
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The GoldTier product incorporates all of the functionality requi
15/4/2009
Manage the onboarding and maintenance of new and existing clients across a variety of teams including sales, relationship managers, operations, compliance, documentation, tax, credit and legal
Integrate compliance controls into the client onboarding process
Deliver Know Your Customer (KYC / AML), Customer Identification Profile (CIP), MiFID client classification, USA PATRIOT Act, and related client regulatory due diligence
Create transparency to stakeholders throughout the client lifecycle.
'GoldTier is creating a standard to address both the tactical and strategic challenges arising from the processes of client onboarding.' HSBC
The solution empowers financial institutions to:
Meet regulatory compliance demands: with automated due diligence processing and comprehensive client audit profiles on-demand
Improve time to revenue: with the reduction in paperwork and tightening of account opening cycle times
Control costs: with the automation of manual tasks, elimination of expensive repeat tasks, and real-time management dashboards
Enhance the client experience: with the minimization of touch points and repeat requests to your clients.
Each onboarding activity is tied back into a common onboarding framework, meaning client knowledge can be leveraged across all activities. GoldTier enables financial institutions to set policies, adopt regulations and then implement and enforce them throughout these activities.
To receive a complimentary copy of the GoldTier KYC and Client Onboarding Solution brochure with key client commentary please select Contact Us from the menu on the right.
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DUBAI:HYDROPOLIS HOTEL.
15/4/2009
DUBAI:HYDROPOLIS HOTEL This hotel, the world's first underwater luxury resort, brings new meaning to the "ocean-view room." Situated 66 feet below the surface of the Persian Gulf, Hydropolis will feature 220 guest suites. Reinforced by concrete and steel, its Plexiglas walls and bubble-shaped dome ceilings offer sights of fish and other sea creatures. It is scheduled to open in late 2007.
The
Hydropolis is a self-acclaimed 10-star, underwater hotel which was under construction in Dubai. However, as of February 2007, Hydropolis' launch has been relaunched, due to cost issues and concerns over the project's impact on marine life, the project has faced major delays.
Hyrdropolis is envisioned as a fantasy hotel beneath the waves. This submarine hotel is inspired by the Jules Verne tale 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. It will be an underwater oasis where visitors can marvel at the architecture surrounding them, and the sea beyond.
The project is divided into three sections. The "land station" is the complex where visitors are first greeted. It is a large building with a roof that dips and rolls like the crest of a wave. From there, people enter a tunnel to begin their journey to the hotel, itself. The tunnel is 1,700 feet long and carries a train beneath both the land and the sea.
The destination, of course, is the hotel itself. Mimicking natural forms, it is shaped like a collection of bubbles and curves designed to provide maximum resistance against the everyday pressures of the sea water as well as the occasional typhoon that may stray into this area. It has already been compared to both a jellyfish and a sea turtle. It features a pair of observation domes which allow an expansive view of the water and the creatures that live in it. They are large enough to emerge above the waves, and one is planned with a retractable roof allowing people to be surrounded by the ocean while looking directly into the sky.
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